Copper Talk » Modifications » Radios » 8719 PLL conversion question « Previous Next »

Author Message
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Snapperhead
Intermediate Member
Username: Snapperhead

Post Number: 182
Registered: 2-2002
Posted on Saturday, February 19, 2005 - 10:07 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Hey guys, My 148 I just picked up from a pawn shop has a toggle on face plate, when switching it, on channel 1 it starts on 27.605 and goes up.....I want to use my Hi Low switch.......for the other toggle....What do I do with the pink and black wires soldered to Hi Lo....Any input woulp be appreciated......Thanks
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Snapperhead
Intermediate Member
Username: Snapperhead

Post Number: 185
Registered: 2-2002
Posted on Saturday, February 19, 2005 - 8:33 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Well, I figured it out.......Just don't do anything to them.....cap them off and that's it........trial and error once again
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Tech291
Moderator
Username: Tech291

Post Number: 94
Registered: 11-2004
Posted on Sunday, February 20, 2005 - 10:30 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

right Snapperhead,you can either tape them off or connect them together,depends on what your ears preferr.

tech291
CEF#291
kc8zpj
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Snapperhead
Intermediate Member
Username: Snapperhead

Post Number: 186
Registered: 2-2002
Posted on Sunday, February 20, 2005 - 4:47 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Hello Tech291, I also I did the two toggle conversion to PLL with came out good. I want to hook up a 10kc jumper for the Alpha Freqs, I was wondering where on my 148 board to a tap into a 5v power source........Thanks for your time.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Intermediate Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 398
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Monday, February 21, 2005 - 11:06 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

The whole channel down on your clarifier will pick up the alpha channels, but pin 9 on the PLL chip is the 8 volt power source that the PLL requires,and not 5 volts.
Hope this is of some help.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 17
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Wednesday, May 11, 2005 - 9:16 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

after you put extra channels in the 148 will the 10kc down switch work on 27.455 mhz?
it would be ch2 or ch15 depending how you did the mod
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 523
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Wednesday, May 11, 2005 - 12:31 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

10 KHz. jump on Uniden and Cobra MB-8719 PLL sideband radios to get the alpha channels: Remove covers from radio. Locate pin 16 and pin 9 of the MB-8719 PLL chip on the solder side of the PC board. Also locate a chassis ground point on the PC board.
Needed for this mod: a single pole double throw center off mini toggle switch, three lengths of hook up wire, one 4.7 K ohm 1/4 watt resistor. On the mobile radios, I have found that a good location for the switch is on the bottom cover below the microphone gain control, at this location of the cover there will be nothing in the way of the switch being mounted. First drill your hole for your switch just forward of the front left side screw hole. next cut the foil path of pin 16, Next bridge the cut with your 4.7K ohm resitor, now you are ready to do the wire hookup. Connect a wire to the center pin of the toggle switch, the other end solder to the PLL side of the cut you made at pin 16. Next wire to either side of the switch and to chassis ground. Next wire to other side of switch to pin 9, 8 volt B+ voltage. Mount the switch and put radio covers back on, the mod.is done. This mod. will give 10 KHz. jump up and down and does not work in both directions on all channels, it is best to have the use of a frequency counter so you can locate the channels you want. With the switch in the center position you will have the normal channels. I have discribed this mod. as understandable as possible and hope this mod. is of some help. No, this mod. did not come from any book or the Internet, this mod. was figured out by a very close friend of mine back in the early 1980s who owns and operates a radio repair shop.





Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 524
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Wednesday, May 11, 2005 - 4:58 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Fusebreaker: one of your switches you would want to be connecting pins 11 and 12 of the MB-8719 PLL together so you can pick up Chnl. 45 0n Chnl. 2 and also on chnl. 15. With this mod. you'll get every channel from 45 to 59. what you would miss between chnls.2-13 you will pick up on chnls.15-27. hope this is of some help.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 18
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Wednesday, May 11, 2005 - 5:29 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

thx for info,i guess i am not realy being on target here. What I am trying to do is get my radio to 27.435 mhz so i thought maybe the 10kc down mod would get me down to 27445 then i could use the modded voicelock/clarifier to slide down the rest of the way to 27.435.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 527
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Thursday, May 12, 2005 - 1:22 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

BTW: All the mods. I have posted here do work and were figured out in the early 1980s, I do not have them written down, they are completely from memory of doing many of these mods. for friends over the years. The old saying of just like riding a bicycle, you don't forget what you learned many years ago. I'm now 67 years young and don't get on that "bicycle" anymore, but still remember how all those good mods. were done.
I just wanted to leave behind what a very near friend and very good radio technician taught me many years ago, I'm leaving these mods. for you younger folks so they are not forgotten.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 530
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Thursday, May 12, 2005 - 10:42 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Fusebreaker: The 10 KHz. mod. does not go down at 27.455.0 MHz. it only goes up channel to 27.465.0 MHz., Channels 2 and 15 are two of the positions that the mod. goes up but not down.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 22
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Thursday, May 12, 2005 - 12:25 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

thats awesome mod i have been looking for it for 2 YEARS!!! thank very much
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 532
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Thursday, May 12, 2005 - 5:36 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

I'm very sorry the channels 41-44 mod. is wrong.
Here is the correction, indeed it is pin 13, and the single single pole toggle switch will be used. But the pin has to be opened or closed for this mod. on the pc board at pin 13 there are two solder pads very close together. A cut of the foil has to be made between the two solder pads and the two lengths of hook up wire connected to the two solder pads one wire on each pad. Again I'm very sorry I was wrong and will be the first to admit my misstake. Pin 13 will not be grounded, that is another mod. on a different PLL circuit. I'm so ashamed of myself, I haven't made a misstake like this in a long time. I checked the mod. on my Uniden Grant XL to make sure I was correct this time.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 533
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Thursday, May 12, 2005 - 6:34 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Fusebreaker: First you need to correct your e-mail address here on Copper Talk and qrz.com. My correction above should read, the use of the single pole single throw toggle switch, and that channels 41-44 with be on channels 33-36.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 27
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Friday, May 13, 2005 - 7:54 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

TRY THIS:

cut the 7 wires that connect the channel selector board to the main board,remove the wires for a clean look.

You will need 7 on-off toggle switchs.
mount the switchs in bottom panel of radio.

1.Solder a ground wire to all of the switchs.
2.labelthe switchs 10 - 16.
3.solder wires from pll pin # that matchs switch #.
NOTE: THIS WILL DISABLE THE ORIGANAL CH SELECTOR
IT IS HANDY TO HAVE A FREQ COUNTER BUT I HAVE A CHART IF ANYONE NEEDS IT.IT WILL GO TO 26.815 to 28.085MHZ in 10kc STEPS WITH NO GAPS SO YOU WILL HAVE 27415 to 27.445 as well hope you enjoy it took me 3 years to find this mod.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 537
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Friday, May 13, 2005 - 11:56 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Yes, the mod. Fusebreaker has posted will work but will sometimes take a little longer to get to channels and at times confusing.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 34
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Tuesday, May 17, 2005 - 8:39 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

yankee have you done the 7 switch mod before?
I got it out of secret cb book is it a good mod as far as freq stability?
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 554
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Tuesday, May 17, 2005 - 10:47 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Fusebreaker: Over the years I have done parts of it but still used the channel selector. The most number of switches I ever installed was on an RCA-14T-302 with the 02AG PLL, I was addressing all the program pins but still used the channel selector. I do have a Cobra 138 XLR with a digi scan on it and the channel selector is not in use on that radio.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 37
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Friday, May 27, 2005 - 2:43 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

well yankee i got my hands on an older 148 im going to try pin 13

thx
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 599
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Friday, May 27, 2005 - 3:52 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

The pin 13works very will. Altough the Grant XL owners site says to use pin 14, But with pin 14 you don't get channel 44 and using pin 13 you do get channel 44. remembering that the mod. has to be done as the way I posted on the correction, and the the two solder pads are very close together on pin 13 and you have to make a cut between those pads, you'll see what I'm talking about when you get a look at the circuit at pin 13.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 38
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Friday, May 27, 2005 - 8:47 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

So you cant just cut the trace? is the an voltage resistor or something connected to pin 13?
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 608
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Saturday, May 28, 2005 - 9:53 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Allen: don't quite understand your last question about a resistor and pin 13. I did email you and fully discribed the mod. and the channel lay out.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 39
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Sunday, May 29, 2005 - 2:39 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

thx
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 40
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Sunday, May 29, 2005 - 4:19 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

I have seen mods that will allow the channel display LED go above channel 40 and below channel 1 on the cobra 2000`s but can this be done on the cobra 148`s
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 613
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Sunday, May 29, 2005 - 2:14 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Are you speaking of the frequency counter reading above and below? If so, yes the counter does. But I've yet to see anything for the channel number LED.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Bc910
Advanced Member
Username: Bc910

Post Number: 514
Registered: 7-2004


Posted on Sunday, May 29, 2005 - 9:24 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Fusebreaker,
I've seen that too!!!
But I've seen it on a Washington (don't know which one; 858 or 8719)
AND I HAVE ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW HOW TO DO IT!!!
I do know that the Washington, 148, 2000, and many more share the same basic designs so it should be do-able
So if someone knows how PLEASE TELL US!!!
BC
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Patzerozero
Advanced Member
Username: Patzerozero

Post Number: 834
Registered: 7-2004
Posted on Sunday, May 29, 2005 - 10:23 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

it was an add-on kit, available back in the early 80's. can't remember the name, BUT i'm pretty sure somebody discussed it on this forum somewhere in recent past. not a digiscan i don't think, nor any other external type vfo, just can't remember. haven't seen 1 in 20+ years.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Bc910
Advanced Member
Username: Bc910

Post Number: 518
Registered: 7-2004


Posted on Monday, May 30, 2005 - 12:34 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

it IS cool tho, if only in that "one of a kind" sorta way
BC
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Hollowpoint445
Intermediate Member
Username: Hollowpoint445

Post Number: 327
Registered: 6-2004
Posted on Monday, May 30, 2005 - 8:30 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Someone referred to it as a 99'er mod kit. I'd kinda like to know how they work just out of curiousity. I've been thinking about making a 10 meter rig out of a Grant and that would be a nice way to go. It sounds like a really elegant way to increase the frequency range of these rigs.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 41
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Monday, May 30, 2005 - 4:50 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Hollow point if you change the crystal in it to a 11.6908MHZ then it will give you 28.060 to 28.500 on channels 1 to 40 but if you also do the 7 switch toggle mod which i have posted above and open the clarifyer it will go down into the top half of 11 meter around 27.9??
and will go up above 29.000 MHZ at least you could do the superslide mod and get an extra channel down and up probably.You could could also get a crystall swith so you can keep 11 meter band as well as 10 meters.You will more than likely have to broadband the radio but it will work.Install a 100 watt RM amp behind it and you will be good to go on 11 and 10 meters
hope this helps a little.oh yeah you can also do a 10kc switch mod and get a few more channels i like to put the 10kc switch in the spot where the anl/nb/off is and use the other single throw switchs for the channel mod.Another mod is the npc rc mod it drops the carrier down to 1.5 watts and allows the carrier to be increased up to 10 or 12 watts when voice is aplied to the radio providing the mic gain is set right it will sound crystall clear,People will ask you how you got that swing with no distortion in audio this is nice when pushing amps.I personaly install variable power and make the max amount of carrier 2 watts and then i turn it down to 1/2 a watt and i am heard great in town and put the galaxy 99`s to shame as far as the price for a 148 vs. a 99. hope someone can get use of this info i think i now have carpiltunel
73s Fusebreaker #569 MO
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Iluvrf
Intermediate Member
Username: Iluvrf

Post Number: 102
Registered: 2-2005
Posted on Monday, May 30, 2005 - 5:08 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

I believe it was from Selman enterprises
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Hollowpoint445
Intermediate Member
Username: Hollowpoint445

Post Number: 328
Registered: 6-2004
Posted on Tuesday, May 31, 2005 - 5:10 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Thanks Fusebreaker, but I'm specifically interested in the 99'er modification because it's elegant and seems worthwhile, but I've never seen one and I don't know how it works. I'd really like to know how it runs through the frequencies and works with the channel display.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 42
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Tuesday, May 31, 2005 - 8:25 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Yes seems to be some vodoo going on with that 99er kit it is cool how they can do that with the display.I scene a crystal switch that you can add to any radio that will give you 6 bands of 40 channels.With that many channels you have a radio that will do almost as much as a galay 77 and make your friends envy you plus you could ground pin 10 and bridge 11 and 12 to get even more channels hehehe
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 624
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Tuesday, May 31, 2005 - 10:54 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Hi guys, seems the whole LED channel display would have to be changed and the replacement have a minus on it, I've also heard of this mod kit but have never seen one. I understood it could only read to channel 99. Plus would it read channels 41-44 and the channels that hit on the Alfa channel spaces?
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Tech291
Moderator
Username: Tech291

Post Number: 186
Registered: 11-2004


Posted on Tuesday, May 31, 2005 - 11:34 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

at one time,I traded for a 2000 that had that"kit"along with a connex board and other mods.the"kit"had a 2 and 1/2 digit display that would show up to ch199 and according to the stock counter in the radio it was duplicating a lot of frequencies while showing different ch #'s.Incidently,after removing all the JUNK and mods and restoring it to original condition I was able to get 3 times what I had in it(which included the price of a donor radio for parts).

tech291
CEF#291
kc8zpj

Yankee,what are these alpha channels you have mentioned?within the 40 cb channels the only other ones are those ASSIGNED to class C rc use.non voice,remote control/telemetry only.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 625
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Wednesday, June 01, 2005 - 8:58 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Dennis, those are the ones, the five on 1-40 and about the only one that was used in the most resent past was the one between channels 15and16 27.145.0 MHz. for garage door openers. On a conversion radio the alfa channels pick up the skipped channels. Yes I understand they are assigned for other use, but rarely are in use, because of the heavy skip conditions on 11 meters and channel splatter from high powered stations on near by channels.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 43
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Wednesday, June 01, 2005 - 2:02 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

I was thinking about putting a freq counter on my cobra 148.I think the fc347 galaxy can be installed on it i seen one at a pawn shop that had everything done and a connex board and a freq counter for $65 went back the next day and it was gone.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 626
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Thursday, June 02, 2005 - 2:11 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Allen, Yes the 148 takes the FC-347. My Grant XL has one on it.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 44
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Thursday, June 02, 2005 - 6:59 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Where can i get the install info for the fc-347 to 148
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Tech808
Moderator
Username: Tech808

Post Number: 5943
Registered: 8-2002


Posted on Thursday, June 02, 2005 - 7:31 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Fusebreaker,

The instalation instructions will come with the FC-347.

Lon
Tech808
CEF808
N9OSN
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 628
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Friday, June 03, 2005 - 12:47 am:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Someone please correct me if I'm wrong on this post. Someplace I remember seeing that to use the FC-347 on the 148 and Grants,there is a jump that has to be made in the counter so it will read correctly.
Carl CEF-357
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Jellybean
Member
Username: Jellybean

Post Number: 56
Registered: 1-2002


Posted on Friday, June 03, 2005 - 1:01 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Yankee, yes there's a solder pad jumper in the unit that has to be soldered for it to read correctly on the 148 and Grants.
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Fusebreaker
Junior Member
Username: Fusebreaker

Post Number: 45
Registered: 3-2004
Posted on Friday, June 03, 2005 - 3:03 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

great info thanks guys
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Hollowpoint445
Intermediate Member
Username: Hollowpoint445

Post Number: 341
Registered: 6-2004
Posted on Friday, June 03, 2005 - 5:19 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

Yankee - The link that I posted states this:

"NOTE:Jump JP1 inside counter"
Top of pagePrevious messageNext messageBottom of page Link to this message

Yankee
Advanced Member
Username: Yankee

Post Number: 631
Registered: 7-2003
Posted on Friday, June 03, 2005 - 10:59 pm:   Edit Post Delete Post    Move Post (Moderator/Admin Only)

OK, I just investagated on my FC-347 and there it was. Carl CEF-357

Add Your Message Here
Post:
Username: Posting Information:
This is a private posting area. Only registered users and moderators may post messages here.
Password:
Options: Enable HTML code in message
Automatically activate URLs in message
Action: